http://www.familymediasite.com/the-relativity-of-life-cause-and-effects-of-hatred-evilness-satanic-practices/#warrior_enhNLm8krt5bKj21622807339427 REFER BACK TO MY PREVIOUS STORIES AND HERE IS YESTERDAYS: THE “RELATIVITY OF LIFE”; (CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF HATRED/EVILNESS/SATANIC PRACTICES). Reaction (physics) As described by the third of Newton’s laws of motion of classical mechanics, all forces occur in pairs such that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts an equal and opposite reaction force on the first.^[1][2] The third law is also more generally stated as: “To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts.”^[3] The attribution of which of the two forces is the action and which is the reaction is arbitrary. Either of the two can be considered the action, while the other is its associated reaction

Mysterious protein makes human DNA morph into different shapes

By Cameron Duke – Live Science Contributor 1 day ago

Human and mosquito cell nuclei have their own shapes, and researchers can mold one to look like the other.

The differences between human DNA and mosquito DNA aren’t limited to the arrangement of letters in the genetic code. If you were to slice open a human cell and a mosquito cell and peer into the nucleus of each, you’d see that their chromosomes are folded with a dramatically different type of genetic origami. Now, researchers have figured out how to fold one type of DNA to take the shape of the other — essentially making human DNA coil like a mosquito’s.

“In the human nucleus, the chromosomes are bunched into tidy packages,” Claire Hoencamp, a doctoral candidate in cancer biology at the University of Amsterdam, told Live Science in a video call as she crumpled a sheet of paper. “But in the mosquito nucleus, the chromosomes are folded in the middle.” As she spoke, she folded several sheets of paper in half and arranged them like books on a shelf, with the pages facing outward.

Related: Code of life: Photos of DNA structures

Hoencamp was studying condensin II, a protein involved in cell division. In one experiment, she destroyed this protein in a human cell to observe its effect on the cell cycle. As if by elaborate choreography, the resulting cell’s chromosomes would refold. But it didn’t refold like the DNA in a human nucleus; instead, it morphed into its best impression of the innards of a mosquito nucleus. 

Meanwhile, Olga Dudchenko, a postdoctoral researcher, at the Center for Genome Architecture at Baylor University in Texas, was classifying genomes based on the 3D structures their chromosomes form. As co-director of a multi-institutional project called DNA Zoo, she was seeing some distinct patterns.

“Essentially, we can classify things into two basic architectures,” she said, referencing the tightly coiled and compartmentalized nature of the human genome versus the looser arrangement of the mosquito genome. No matter how many species she examined, chromosomes took on variations of two basic shapes. 

Bafflingly, her research suggested that some lineages would use one shape and evolve into the second and then, in many cases, evolve back. However, she didn’t know what force, if any, was driving these changes. 

When presenting their research at a conference in Austria, the two teams realized they were approaching the same problem from different angles. Essentially, Hoencamp had found a protein that folds chromosomes, and Dudchenko had spotted Hoencamp’s experiment happening naturally across evolutionary timescales.

After they decided to collaborate, COVID-19 struck. With laboratory access severed, the collaborators turned to computer simulations to better understand condensin II’s role in nuclear organization. With help from a lab at Rice University in Houston, they simulated the effects of condensin II on the millions to billions of letters in a genome, confirming what Hoencamp had found in previous experiments.

In a genetic analysis described May 28 in the journal Science, the researchers looked at 24 species and found that the species with the looser chromosome arrangement had one thing in common: a broken condensin II gene. Related content

—Animal code: Our favorite genomes

—Genetics by the numbers: 10 tantalizing tales

—Unraveling the human genome: 6 molecular milestones

Future research will aim to determine what evolutionary advantage, if any, one nucleus structure might have over the other. When the researchers examined gene expression, they found the folding structure of the chromosomes only mildly affected gene expression, or how much of each protein was made by different genes. That finding surprised Hoencamp. 

Given how little folding affected gene expression, it’s not clear why a species would fold its DNA one way or the other. 

However, because both folding methods are found across the evolutionary tree, the subtle effects of each might have big implications. “Variations in 3D structure seem to be about fine-tuning,” some function inside organisms, Dudchenko said. However, exactly what is being tweaked remains a mystery.

https://www.livescience.com/26509-four-stranded-dna-images.html (

Code of Life: Photos of DNA Structures

By Live Science Staff January 23, 2013

From human genomes

This image is based on an x-ray crystal structure of a G-quadruplex formed from the DNA sequence found in human genomes.

G-quadruplex inspired

This image is based on an x-ray crystal structure of a G-quadruplex formed from the DNA sequence found in human genomes.

X-ray crystal structure

This image is based on an x-ray crystal structure of a G-quadruplex formed from the DNA sequence found in human genomes.

From start to finish

This graph shows the formation of DNA G-quadruplex structures. DNA can adopt structures that are alternative to the double-helix and can be visualised in human cancer cells by microscopy, thanks to an antibody that target them.

Cancer cells

Chromosomes

In this image, DNA G-quadruplex structures (red foci) can be visualised in human chromosomes (blue) and are present both at telomeres (arrow), areas at the end of chromosomes, but also throughout the chromosomes.

CONT… AT: https://www.livescience.com/26509-four-stranded-dna-images.html

THE FACTS THAT “VIRUSES” HAVE AND DO AND ALWAYS WILL “ADAPT” TO JUMP FROM CREATURES TO CREATURES” IS PRETTY MUCH “PROVEN OUT” IN THE “SCIENCES AND GENETIC STUDIES.

“CONCLUSIVELY” AS EVERYONE SCRAMBLES TO FIND “WHO TO BLAME FOR COVID19 AND COUNTLESS “OTHER ADAPTING STRAINS OF VIRUSES”…. THESE DISCOVERIES SEEM TO “PROVE-OUT” WHAT I HAVE SAID FROM THE VERY BEGINNING: AND SO MY GRANDMA TOTALLY SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN CORRECT, BACK IN 1957–1965 (1957-1958 Pandemic (H2N2 virus); WHEN SHE TOLD ME THAT, BIRDS/BATS/MOSQUITOES/OTHER FARM AND WILD ANIMALS COULD/CAN SPREAD PRETTY MUCH ALL OF OUR VIRUSES OF CRIPPLING AND INVASIVE DISEASES!!!

REMEMBER: WE COPYRIGHTED THE 1ST (GOD WILLING) UPCOMING STORIES AS: *©C.O.V.I.D. ALIENS *©C.O.V.I.D. INVASION *©MICRO-ALIENS